1. Floor plan.
Determine the overall layout of the laboratory and clear the layout of the laboratory. The laboratory requires effective isolation from the office area, the functional area is clearly divided, the experiment is not interference, the evacuation channel is unblocked. In modern experimental research institute, laboratory, usually in physics, general chemistry, organic synthetic chemistry and biology to classification, according to the need to set up balance room, precise instrument room, between the high system of greenhouse, sample room, water, washing room, pretreatment room, warehouse, etc. In the laboratory of medicine, medicine, food, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and other fields, the high reliability of the sterile, clean environment is indispensable.
In the biological laboratory, it is generally considered that inspection, testing, photography, washing-phase and other data processing procedures can be used to set up the washing table and drying table at the entrance. The laboratories that use the drug and the drug reagent must set up the warehouse of the special TV series according to the requirements, and the iron gate, iron window and iron cabinet should be set up, and 110 linkage alarm system should be set up.
2, drainage
The water supply in the laboratory follows the principle of convenient proximity, and the hot water system is installed in the washing area where necessary. The drainage focus should be concerned with the setting of floor drain and the high temperature resistance of drainage pipe.
3, circuit
The circuit design must consider the overall power of the size, three-phase electrical requirements, special instrument stability requirements. To facilitate the operation and meet the requirements of safety management, the laboratory generally requires the setting of independent control switches. A correct and good grounding system is necessary to analyze the normal, reliable and safe operation of laboratory instruments.
4, gas path
There are two kinds of gas supply modes, which are concentrated gas supply and separate gas supply. In principle, the special gas piping for the instrument should be close to the analytical instrument.
5. Ventilation system
Ventilation is an integral part of laboratory design. In order for laboratory staff not to suck or swallow some toxic, pathogenic or unknown chemicals and organisms, the laboratory should have good ventilation. There are two types of ventilation in the laboratory, namely local ventilation and ventilation. Local exhaust is after the pests have namely nearby discharge, this way can with less volume discharged a large number of pests, effective, energy conservation is to improve the laboratory conditions now feasible and economic method, also is the best way to adapt to the modernization of the construction of the laboratory ventilation, is widely used. For some experiments cannot use local exhaust, or local exhaust can not meet the requirements, should use the whole room ventilation. The ventilation system of a professional ventilation system such as a sterile system must be self-contained. The focus of the ventilation system is the determination of entering the outlet and the burial of the tuyere.
6. Safe passage
The safe distance design in laboratory interior design can not be neglected in laboratory planning and design.
(1) safety gate: as an escape route. The door width is 9001500mm, of which the single door is usually 900film, the double door has 1200, 1400, 1500rain, etc.
(2) safe distance: for the main channel, if the two experiment tables are double-sided, the distance should be greater than 1500mm; Single side operation is greater than 1200mm; If there is a detoxification cabinet, the distance should be greater than 1500inm, and special attention should be paid to the location of the detox cabinet near the door.
(3) channel distance: the minimum width of fire channel in the general building is 1200nlln, while the laboratory is different, with a minimum of 1500mnl width.
7, condole top
The height of the ceiling is generally not required, but the specific requirements for the height of the ceiling, such as the sterile system, must be paid attention to. At the same time, in the construction process of the ceiling, the ventilation system should also be considered.
8, ground
For different laboratories to use different floors, you cant use marble floors in the laboratory. The most commonly used now is PVC ground and return oxygen resin ground two kinds, also some use ceramic tile. The ground should pay attention to the type, but also the position of the water pipe.
9, metope
Including the position of the cylinder, the height of the window sill, the width of the skirting board, and so on.
Laboratory equipment specification and selection.
The laboratory equipment configuration is based on the laboratory planning and design to determine the laboratory equipment specifications and selection. Laboratory equipment is a new industry segmented from the furniture industry, which is becoming more and more standardized and specialized in the process of development. The equipment configuration of the laboratory mainly includes the layout mode, the structure size, the table selection, the selection of the fume hood, the selection of the experiment cabinet, the safety equipment and so on.
1. Layout mode
The layout of the experiment platform is focused on safety and convenience, and there are several common patterns:
(1) island type. Its the most common pattern. Often used in large space, growth square indoor form. This mode is characterized by the flow of people;
(2) peninsula type. This is also a typical application mode, which is applicable to long and narrow rooms. (3) L. The L type is suitable for smaller rooms; (4) the layout of U and one font (i.e., side experiment table) is also more commonly used.
2. Structural dimensions
The structure of laboratory equipment can be divided into whole wood structure, steel wood structure and whole steel structure. The laboratory can choose different types of experimental stations according to the specific situation. The size of laboratory equipment is directly related to the ease and comfort of use. The height of the sitting table is usually between 750 and 850mml. If the male laboratory staff has a high ratio, it can also consider 900mm high. The height of the station platform is between 850 and 920mm, and the height of the high greenhouse is between 450 and 600mm. The length of the table should be considered 1200mm(minimum should not be less than 1000mm), the organic chemistry experiment station should be considered longer, the recommended 1400 ~ 1600mm; The height of reagent frame is 1200 ~ 1650mm, and the high cabinet can reach 1800 -- 2000mm; The depth of the workbench is generally 750mm, and the working table depth of the high greenhouse generally requires 850~900mm.
3. Laboratory table.
At present, the use of more mesa materials is as follows:
(1) epoxy resin: it is mainly composed of reinforced epoxy resin, which is consistent with internal and external materials. It can be repaired and reduced when damaged, acid and alkali, impact resistance, high temperature resistance (about 800 degrees), and relatively high cost.
(2) solid physicochemical board of corrosion resistance: the system is composed of high quality multiple clamping paper, which is soaked in special phenol liquid and formed by high pressure thermosetting effect, and is treated with special corrosion resistance on the surface. It has the characteristics of acid and alkali resistance, impact resistance and heat resistance.
(3) thought board: composition of 70% wood fiber, 30% of melamine resin, melamine with double beam scanning technology will be attached on the surface, after high temperature and high pressure forming, high temperature resistant corrosion resistant ability.
(4) corrosion resistant chemical veneers: by adding special composition phenolic resin dip in kraft paper, white paper and special surface by high temperature and high pressure, acid and alkali resistance, impact resistance, heat resistant properties, but must be used with base material.
4. Laboratory fume cupboard.
Fume hood is one of the most commonly used local ventilation equipment in the laboratory. It has a wide variety of different types of air exhaust. The exhaust effect is different because of its different structure and different conditions. The good performance of the fume hood depends mainly on the speed of air movement through the fume hood.
5. Experiment cabinet
The experimental cabinets include medicine cabinet, medicine cabinet, dangerous goods, glass ware drying and storage cabinets, clean cabinets and biological safety cabinet.
(1) the sample cabinet: put all kinds of experimental samples with the sample of the ark, should have the partition frame and label etc, is advantageous for the storage of samples and find the sample, because some of the samples, according to their physical properties and chemical stability of the samples of dryer preservation, so there are big and small, in order to store different samples.
(2) medicine cabinet: mainly place the solid chemical reagent and standard solution, the two must be classified and placed, not mixed together. Placement of chemical reagents should be classified and placed for easy searching. At the same time for safety, the medicine cabinet should set glass doors and Windows, the cabinet should also have certain bearing capacity and corrosion resistance.
(3) dangerous goods locker: it is suitable for simple storage and short-term storage of dangerous goods, made of stainless steel or firebrick.
(4) dry and safekeeping of glassware: after cleaning, the after-work vessel is kept on the bracket, and the bracket is fixed with the guide rail and the cabinet, making the glassware easy to access and easy to clean and dry.
(5) clean cabinet: also known as ultra-clean bench, it is widely used in the industries of biology, medicine, health, electronics, precision instruments, instruments and other industries, providing sterile, clean and clean operating environment. According to the flow of gas, the clean cabinet can be divided into horizontal laminar flow and vertical laminar flow, with single, double, single and double sides, and can also be used in series.
(6) biological safety cabinet: widely used in colleges and universities, research institutes, pharmaceutical factory, health and epidemic prevention etc, are the main clean equipment, microbial experiments can prevent the possible spread of the poisonous and harmful aerosols, safety and environmental protection in the process of the experiment operators, also can protect the operation in the process of samples from pollution. In addition, safety protective equipment, such as the table type washer safety box, etc.; The supporting facilities, such as the universal exhaust hood, the PP sink and the working chair stool, need to be synchronized during the equipment configuration in the laboratory.
The prophase planning and preparation of laboratory construction is essential, so we must be vigilant, laboratory for laboratory construction is not the same as common indoor construction, we must consider many factors, in order to guarantee good laboratory environment, therefore the prophase planning is a key to the success or failure of the laboratory construction.
